In cases dealing with foreign countries, what is typically within the jurisdiction of federal courts?

Federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over disputes involving ambassadors and other public ministers. This is established under Article III of the U.S. Constitution, which provides the federal judiciary with the authority to manage cases in which ambassadors or public ministers are involved. The reasoning behind this jurisdiction is largely tied to the United States' need to maintain diplomatic relations and handle international affairs effectively and consistently.

In contrast, local laws typically pertain to state jurisdiction, as states have the authority to regulate issues within their borders. Family law matters, such as divorce or child custody, also fall under state jurisdiction due to the local nature of these issues. Traffic violations are similarly governed by state laws and municipal regulations, leading to their adjudication in state or local courts rather than federal courts. Thus, disputes involving ambassadors are the primary kind of cases with foreign elements that federal courts are designated to handle.