In which of the following bodies does a state's representation remain equal regardless of population?

The correct answer is that a state's representation remains equal in the Senate. Each state, regardless of its population size, is allotted two Senators. This structure is established by the U.S. Constitution to ensure that all states have an equal voice in one chamber of Congress, thereby protecting the interests of less populous states from being overshadowed by more populous ones.

In contrast, the House of Representatives allocates representatives based on population, meaning states with larger populations have more representatives than those with smaller populations. The Supreme Court does not involve state representation in the same manner, as it is comprised of appointed justices rather than representatives from states. The Executive Branch is headed by the President, who is elected nationally and does not reflect state representation. Therefore, the Senate is the only body where representation is uniform across states, maintaining equality irrespective of their respective populations.