What are powers given to the state government alone called?

The powers given to the state government alone are referred to as reserved powers. This term comes from the Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution, which states that powers not delegated to the federal government or prohibited to the states are reserved to the states. This emphasizes the principle of federalism, where authority is divided between national and state governments.

Reserved powers include matters such as regulating education, managing state highways, conducting elections, and overseeing local governments. These powers ensure that states can enact and enforce laws that cater to the specific needs of their populations. While the federal government has certain delegated powers, reserved powers are distinct in that they are specifically held by the states, emphasizing the autonomy of state governance within the federal system.