What does Article 3 of the Constitution establish?

Article 3 of the Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the United States government and defines its authority. It outlines the framework for the federal court system, including the establishment of the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts as determined by Congress. This article grants the judiciary the power to interpret laws, adjudicate disputes, and ensures that justice is administered in accordance with the Constitution.

The judicial branch plays a crucial role in the system of checks and balances, safeguarding the rights of individuals and ensuring that legislative and executive actions comply with constitutional principles. By empowering the courts to resolve conflicts and uphold the rule of law, Article 3 solidifies the judiciary's essential function in American governance.

The other options do not pertain to Article 3. The legislative branch and lawmaking process are established in Article 1, the executive branch and the presidency are outlined in Article 2, and the process for state admissions is not explicitly detailed in any one article but rather is a subject addressed in Article 4 and further statutes.