What term describes the division and sharing of powers between the national government and the state and local government?

The term that describes the division and sharing of powers between the national government and the state and local governments is federalism. This concept is foundational in many governmental systems, particularly in the United States, where it establishes a structure for how authority and responsibilities are distributed. Federalism allows for a dual system of government, where power is shared and each level operates within its own sphere of authority while also being able to cooperate on issues of mutual concern.

In a federal system, the national government typically handles matters that affect the country as a whole, such as defense and foreign affairs, while state and local governments manage more localized issues, like education and public safety. The balance and delineation of powers are often outlined in a constitution, promoting both unity and diversity in governance across different levels.

Other terms in the choices do not encapsulate this division of authority in the same way. Decentralization refers more broadly to the transfer of authority from a central to a local level and doesn't necessarily define a system of government that is based on shared powers. A unitary government centralizes authority in a single national government, leaving little to no power for state or local governments, which is the opposite of federalism. Delegated powers specifically refer to powers that the Constitution assigns