Which freedom prohibits the government from favoring one religion over another?

The correct answer pertains to the concept of religious liberty, which is foundational in the United States' framework of individual rights. The Freedom of Religion ensures that the government maintains neutrality among various religions; it cannot endorse, promote, or favor one religion over another.

This principle is rooted in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which contains the Establishment Clause. This clause prevents the government from establishing a state religion or showing preference toward one faith, thus safeguarding the diverse religious beliefs of citizens and ensuring that all individuals can practice their religion freely or choose not to practice any religion without governmental interference.

Other freedoms, such as Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Petition, and Freedom of Assembly, address different aspects of personal liberties. While they are vital components of democratic society, none specifically focus on the relationship between the government and religion. Thus, they do not encapsulate the prohibition against governmental favoritism regarding religious beliefs.