Which governing body is responsible for appointing federal judges?

The appointment of federal judges is a responsibility held by the President of the United States. This power is established by Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, which grants the President the authority to nominate judges for the Supreme Court as well as for lower federal courts.

Once the President has made a nomination, this appointment is not completed until it has been confirmed by the Senate. This process involves hearings, and a vote where a simple majority is required for confirmation. However, the initial step—the nomination—is solely the prerogative of the President.

The other governing bodies mentioned do not have the role of appointing federal judges. The House of Representatives does not participate in the nomination or confirmation process for federal judges. Similarly, the Senate’s role is limited to providing advice and consent after the nomination has been made. The Supreme Court, while it ultimately consists of federally appointed judges, does not play a role in the appointment process itself.

Understanding this structure is crucial as it delineates the separation of powers within the U.S. government, highlighting the distinct roles of the executive branch (the President) and the legislative branch (the Senate) in judicial appointments.