Which of the following is NOT a jurisdiction for federal courts?

Federal courts have specific jurisdiction defined by the Constitution and federal statutes. They generally have jurisdiction in cases involving federal law, disputes between states or citizens of different states, and issues that arise under treaties or involve ambassadors.

The correct answer is state laws. Federal courts do not typically have jurisdiction over matters that arise solely under state law, as such matters are generally reserved for state courts. While federal courts can hear cases that involve state law under certain circumstances, such as in diversity jurisdiction cases where the parties are from different states, state law itself is not a basis for invoking federal jurisdiction.

In contrast, disputes between citizens from different states can fall under the jurisdiction of federal courts due to diversity jurisdiction. Cases involving federal laws are directly within the purview of federal courts, as these courts are established to enforce and interpret federal legislation. Additionally, disputes involving ambassadors are specifically outlined in the Constitution as falling under the original jurisdiction of federal courts.