Which of the following is a scenario that federal courts address?

Federal courts are designed to handle cases that involve federal law, certain types of disputes between states, and matters that arise under the U.S. Constitution or treaties. The scenario of disputes involving the high seas falls under federal jurisdiction due to the maritime and admiralty laws, which are exclusive to federal courts. These laws govern navigation and shipping activities, and federal courts have the authority to regulate these matters to ensure consistency across states and international boundaries.

In contrast, local business disputes, neighborhood noise complaints, and traffic accidents are typically handled in state courts, as they usually involve state law rather than federal law. State courts are responsible for the vast majority of civil and criminal cases that do not involve federal questions or parties from different states exceeding a certain monetary threshold. Therefore, the scenario involving disputes on the high seas appropriately reflects the type of case that federal courts would be tasked with addressing.