Which powers are not directly involved in legislating laws?

The choice referring to non-legislative powers is indeed the correct answer because non-legislative powers are those functions and responsibilities that Congress holds that do not involve the direct creation of laws. These powers include the ability to conduct investigations, approve treaties, confirm presidential appointments, and impeach officials, among others. Essentially, non-legislative powers enable Congress to perform its duties outside of the framework of lawmaking itself.

In contrast, expressed powers are specifically enumerated in the Constitution and are directly connected to the legislative process. Delegated powers refer to those that are assigned specifically to the federal government, often through the Constitution, implying legislative authority. Implied powers, derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause, allow Congress to enact laws that are not explicitly stated but are deemed necessary to carry out its expressed powers. All of these categories relate to the overall legislative framework, but only non-legislative powers delineate functions that do not entail the act of creating laws directly.