Which powers can be exercised by the National Government alone?

The National Government is granted Exclusive Powers, which are powers that can only be exercised by the federal government and not by the states. This principle is rooted in the U.S. Constitution, which enumerates specific powers that belong solely to the national government. For example, the power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, the power to declare war, and the power to issue currency are all exclusive to the federal government.

Concurrent powers, on the other hand, are those that can be exercised by both federal and state governments, such as the power to tax or to establish courts. Reserved powers are those that are not specifically granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the states; these powers are reserved for the states (e.g., regulating education and local law enforcement). Implied powers are not explicitly stated in the Constitution but are inferred from the necessary and proper clause, allowing the federal government to carry out its enumerated powers. Therefore, Exclusive Powers accurately defines the powers that can be exercised solely by the National Government.