Which statement best describes the powers of Congress?

The statement that best describes the powers of Congress is that they are enumerated and expressed powers. Enumerated powers are those specifically listed in the Constitution, found primarily in Article I, Section 8, where Congress is granted the authority to legislate on a variety of matters, such as taxation, defense, and the regulation of commerce. These powers are distinct and clearly articulated, making it clear what Congress has the authority to do.

Expressed powers refer to the powers explicitly stated in the Constitution. By combining the terms "enumerated" and "expressed," it becomes evident that these powers provide a foundational framework for Congress to operate within. This definition accurately reflects the scope and limitations of legislative authority as intended by the framers of the Constitution.

Other options refer to categories of powers that either do not apply specifically to Congress or are not well-defined in the context of Congressional authority. For instance, reserved powers pertain more to states rather than Congress, while implied powers, though relevant, are broader and not as directly defined as the enumerated powers. Inherent powers usually refer to powers that are not explicitly stated but are deemed necessary for the government to function effectively, a concept that can apply to the executive branch more than Congress. Thus, "